What is sni in networking tls

• What is sni in networking tls. 2 Record Layer: Handshake Protocol: Client Hello-> Jun 18, 2020 · TLS 1. We will explain how SSL and TLS encrypt data and protect authenticated internet connections and browsing. The way SNI does this is by inserting the HTTP header into the SSL handshake. It adds the hostname of the server (website) in the TLS handshake as an extension in the CLIENT HELLO message. SSL was replaced by TLS, or Transport Layer Security, some time ago. I explain 0:00 Intro0:30 HTTP Shared Hosting4:50 HTTPS Shared What is SNI; An inherently flawed approach; ESNI and ECH: A long overdue overhaul; Conclusion; What is SNI. This setup Apr 24, 2024 · If the TLS configuration section in an Ingress specifies different hosts, they are multiplexed on the same port according to the hostname specified through the SNI TLS extension (provided the Ingress controller supports SNI). By using SNI, you can put multiple secure applications behind a single listener. This is meant to turn students with some minor exposure to SSL/TLS into SSL/TLS Experts and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs). The TLS secret must contain keys named tls. This is true for NGFWs like Palo Alto or Fortinet, as well as AWS Network Firewall. Want to know how we did it? Read on! What is SSL/TLS? SSL is the OG cryptographic protocol developed by Netscape in 1995, whereas Transport Layer Security (TLS) was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF SNI is an extension of the TLS protocol where the hostname is sent as "part" of the SSL/TLS handshake. e browser) would send the requested hostname to the webserver within the HTTPS payload (Figure 1). BID. 2. If your client lets you debug SSL connections properly (sadly, even the gnutls/openssl CLI commands don't), you can see whether the server sends back a server_name field in the extended hello. Specifically, SNI includes the hostname in the Client Hello message, or the very first step of a TLS handshake. It puts the hostname that you requested in the unencrypted TLS clientHello handshake. Using Server Name Indication (SNI) with an Application Load Balancer: The Application Load Balancer (ALB) and Network Load Balancer (NLB) support Server Name Indication (SNI). May 25, 2018 · In order to use Server Name Indication, the SSL/TLS library must be able to support SNI through an application. Nov 24, 2023 · This guide provides an in-depth overview of SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security) – cryptographic protocols enabling secure internet communication. Encryption: SSL/TLS encryption is possible because of the public-private key pairing that SSL certificates facilitate. While a number of browsers and servers still do not support SNI, most new webbrowsers and SSL/TLS libraries have already implemented SNI support. TLS termination in OpenShift Container Platform relies on SNI for serving custom certificates. Dec 8, 2020 · Figure 2: The TLS 1. Aug 1, 2023 · In this article. SSL protocols are the precursors to TLS protocols, and the term SSL is still used for encrypted connections even though SSL protocols are no longer supported. In a nutshell, TLS 1. 3 protocol that improves privacy of Internet users by preventing on-path observers, including ISPs, coffee shop owners and firewalls, from intercepting the TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) extension and using it to determine which websites users are visiting. This document lists known attacks against SNI encryption, discusses the current "HTTP co-tenancy" solution, and presents requirements for future TLS-layer solutions. It indicates which hostname is being contacted by the browser at the beginning of the handshake process. What is DNS encryption? DNS encryption ensures that only you and your DNS provider know what DNS queries are being performed, and therefore which websites you are visiting. Feb 23, 2024 · An addition to the Transport Layer Security computer networking protocol is called Server Name Indication, which enables the client to provide the hostname it is attempting to connect to at the outset of the handshaking procedure. In this section, I guide you through the essential steps to set up egress TLS inspection in Network Firewall. Jul 9, 2019 · SNI stands for Server Name Indication and is an extension of the TLS protocol. A primary use case of TLS is encrypting the communication between web applications and servers, such as web browsers loading a website. 3 handshake with the ESNI extension. SNI inserts the HTTP header in the SSL/TLS handshake so that the browser can be directed to the requested site. Then both sides of the connection negotiate encryption parameters, and switch to encrypted communication on TCP 389. 3 is faster and more secure than TLS 1. May 8, 2013 · SNI is initiated by the client, so you need a client that supports it. If a server is hosting just a single TLS site on the IP, then your browser will be able to connect to it by https. Feb 22, 2023 · Before you can understand why SNI was developed, you first need to understand how TLS works. What this effectively means is that the virtual domain name, or a hostname, can now be used to identify the network end point. Learn how ESNI makes TLS encryption more secure by using DNS records and public key cryptography. TLS provides the security in HTTPS, ensuring that data traveling between browsers and websites is adequately protected. SNI adds the domain name to the TLS handshake process, so that the TLS process reaches the right domain name and receives the correct SSL certificate, enabling the rest of the TLS handshake to proceed as normal. SNI allows a web browser to send the name of the domain it wants at the beginning of the TLS handshake. Feb 26, 2024 · What is SNI? An encrypted server name indication or encrypted SNI is a TLS protocol’s extension. Built-In Diagnostics (BID) is the former name replaced with SNI. 0, TLS 1. It was first defined in RFC 3546. The server can then parse this request and send back the relevant certificate to complete the encrypted connection. Aug 7, 2024 · The security of any connection using Transport Layer Security (TLS) is heavily dependent upon the cipher suites and security parameters selected. Use WireShark and capture only TLS (SSL) packages by adding a filter tcp port 443. 3 and SNI for IP address URLs. Sep 24, 2018 · Today we announced support for encrypted SNI, an extension to the TLS 1. Oct 13, 2022 · Apex callouts, Workflow outbound messaging, Delegated Authentication, and other HTTPS callouts now support TLS (Transport Layer Security) TLS 1. This link ensures that all data passed between the web server and browsers remain private and encrypted. Instead a server will accept an SNI and then will continue the TLS handshake with the configured certificate. In TLS versions 1. 3 which prevents eavesdroppers from knowing the domain name of the website network users are connecting to. Jan 18, 2013 · Newer Wireshark has R-Click context menu with filters. … Read More »SSL/TLS Deep Dive Feb 13, 2019 · Thank you @spikecurtis. For key distribution, ESNI relied on another critical protocol: Domain Name Service. Almost 98% of the clients requesting HTTPS support SNI. In order to use SNI, all you need to do is bind multiple certificates to the same secure […] common name component) exposes the same name as the SNI. cOM and this can also be effective in bypassing filtering. Note that encryption alone is insufficient to protect server certificates; see Aug 9, 2022 · The Server Name Indication (SNI) is a protocol that extends the Transport Security Layer (TSL) protocol. Sep 12, 2019 · Network Load Balancers also support a smart certificate selection algorithm with SNI. Nov 3, 2023 · While transmitting its data in plain text during the TLS handshake, SNI may expose sensitive information to hackers and malicious actors. istio. In this case, the user should upgrade their browser to work with the latest TLS version. bBc. SSL handshakes are now called TLS handshakes, although the "SSL" name is still in wide use. This is where the client and the server - in practice, this usually means the web browser and the website - exchange information before beginning the actual data transfer. Nov 17, 2017 · TLS SNI allows running multiple SSL certificates on a single IP address. Network Firewall collects domain names from the SNI data in the HTTPS header of your outbound network traffic. Server Name Indication (SNI) is a commonly supported extension to TLS which acts as a “selector” allowing the client to specify a particular host header. SNI is an extension for the TLS protocol (formerly known as the SSL protocol), which is used in HTTPS. As a consequence, websites can use Jun 21, 2019 · Server Name Indication (SNI) is designed to solve this problem. Nosey Networks. It is mostly familiar to users through its use in secure web browsing, and in particular the padlock icon that appears in web browsers when a secure session is established. May 20, 2024 · Client-server encrypted interactions use Transport Layer Security (TLS) to protect your app's data. What is Server Name Indication? Server Name Indication (SNI) is a TLS protocol addon. 0 , 1. You can see its raw data below. Aug 23, 2022 · On Windows Server 2012, IIS supports Server Name Indication (SNI), which is a TLS extension to include a virtual domain as a part of SSL negotiation. Apr 19, 2024 · What Is SNI? SNI is an extension of the TLS (Transport Layer Security) protocol that enables multiple websites to share the same IP address. It allows a client or browser to indicate which hostname it is trying to connect to at the start of the TLS handshake. The Mozilla Operations Security (OpSec) team maintains a wiki entry with reference configurations for servers. 3 optional extension proposed by Cloudflare several years ago. Get to know more about the TLS SNI extension. Feb 2, 2012 · Server Name Indication (SNI) is an extension to the TLS protocol. With this new feature, operators can now restrict the allowed TLS SNI Jan 15, 2022 · Find all TLS Client Hello packets from a particular IP address and TCP port; Find all TLS Client Hello packets that contain a particular SNI; Find all TLS Client Hello packets with support for TLS v1. Having a proxy server that does TLS passthrough isn't much different than having 20 domains in apache each with their own SSL certificate. The specification for SNI was introduced by the IETF in 2003 and browsers rolled out support over the next few years. Apr 8, 2022 · SNI (Server Name Indication) is an extension of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) handshake. When a web server hosts multiple websites, they all share an IP address. Transport Layer Security (TLS), previously known as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), is the standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a web server and a browser. Apr 15, 2022 · Since the SNI extension is unencrypted, network firewalls can inspect the SNI header of outbound TLS traffic to determine if the traffic is allowed out. For this, each has its own TLS certificate. Applies to: Windows Server 2022, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows 10. Set up egress TLS inspection in Network Firewall. This protocol was published in 1999, and most recently, TLS 1. If the hostname indicated by a client matches multiple certificates, the load balancer determines the best certificate to use based on multiple factors including the client TLS capabilities. An SSL certificate contains the website's public key, the domain name it's issued for, the issuing certificate authority's digital signature, and other important information. This technology allows a server to connect multiple SSL Certificates to one IP address and gate. What does an SSL certificate do? An SSL certificate (more accurately called a TLS certificate), is necessary for a website to have HTTPS encryption. This allows the Web server to select the correct Web site and present the correct certificate to the browser. SNI（Server Name Indication）：是 TLS 的扩展，这允许在握手过程开始时通过客户端告诉它正在连接的服务器的主机名称。作用：用来解决一个服务器拥有多个域名的情况。 在客户端和服务端建立 HTTPS 的过程中要先进… The proposed solutions hide a hidden service behind a fronting service, only disclosing the SNI of the fronting service to external observers. SSL/TLS (LDAPS) requires negotiated encryption at the start of the connection. As a result, the server is able to display numerous certificates utilizing the same IP address as well as port. What is a hostname? Nov 8, 2023 · A certificate does not accept an SNI. This article's goal is to help you make these decisions to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of communication between client and server. 3 , server certificates are encrypted in transit. This allows the server to present multiple certificates on the same IP address and port number. Feb 14, 2023 · TLS session resumption. The SSL protocol was originally developed at Netscape to enable ecommerce transaction security on the Web, which required encryption to protect customers’ personal data, as well as authentication and integrity guarantees to ensure a safe transaction. The example used in Jul 11, 2017 · SNI (Server Name Indication) is a TLS (Transport Layer Security) extension in which the client presents the server the domain name for the target it wants to access within the TLS handshake. Dec 21, 2021 · Reducing the open network footprint down to a single port for your entire infrastructure and minimizing the attack surface. Oct 5, 2019 · How SNI Works. 1, and TLS 1. Aug 8, 2023 · Server Name Indication (SNI) works by extending the functionality of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocols. Mar 22, 2023 · Before you can understand why SNI was developed, you first need to understand how TLS works. I explain 0:00 Intro0:30 HTTP Shared Hosting4:50 HTTPS Shared Feb 2, 2012 · Server Name Indication (SNI) is an extension to the TLS protocol. Find Client Hello with SNI for which you'd like to see more of the related packets. . SNI breaks this cycle by allowing you to run multiple encrypted websites on the same server through a single IP address. key that contain the certificate and private key to use for TLS Feb 15, 2024 · Transport Layer Security (TLS), as well as its predecessor SSL, is a security protocol that authenticates the other party in a connection, checks the integrity of data, and provides encrypted protection. SSL, or Secure Sockets Layer, was the original security protocol developed for HTTP. Apr 1, 2024 · The spoofed SNI traffic is dropped because Network Firewall validates the TLS server certificate to check the associated domains in it against the SNI. TLS handshakes are a foundational part of how HTTPS works. 1 was created in 2006, followed by TLS 1. The Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, a component of the Schannel Security Support Provider, is used to secure data that is sent between applications across an untrusted network. The SNI extension is a feature that extends the SSL/TLS protocols to indicate what server name the client is attempting to connect to during handshaking. 2; Find all TLS Client Hello packets with support for TLS v1. Traditionally, when a client initiates an SSL/TLS connection to a server, the server would present a digital certificate bound to the IP address associated with the requested domain. Jul 23, 2023 · SNI is another of the TLS extensions, defined in RFC 6066, and it indicates the FQDN from the client in a TLS handshake. 3 only require one round trip (or back-and-forth communication) instead of two, shortening the process by a few milliseconds. Don’t confuse Start TLS with SSL/TLS. 3 was published in 2018. SSL is used interchangeably with TLS in PostgreSQL. 3, which was released in September 2018. The main use case for SSL/TLS is securing communications between a client and a server, but it can also secure email, VoIP, and other communications over unsecured networks. Gateway describes a load balancer operating at the edge of the mesh receiving incoming or outgoing HTTP/TCP connections. It is identical to the TLS 1. io/v1 kind: Gateway servers: - port: number: 443 name: https protocol: HTTPS tls: mode: PASSTHROUGH In this mode, Istio will route based on SNI information and forward the connection as-is to the destination. Related Posts Jul 24, 2020 · SNI allows the server (CloudFront) to present multiple certificates using the same IP address and port number. For example, when multiple virtual or name-based Jul 29, 2024 · TLS is the upgraded and more secure version of SSL. 1 , and 1. Prerequisites. 0 and later. Jan 9, 2021 · LDAP Start TLS – LDAP Start TLS starts as a clear text connection to the LDAP Server on TCP 389. Transport Layer Security (TLS) is an Internet Engineering Task Force standard protocol that provides authentication, privacy, and data integrity for communications over the internet. Any non-SNI traffic received on port 443 is handled with TLS termination and a default certificate (which may not match the requested host name, resulting in validation errors). The protocol helps specify which site to connect to by indicating a hostname at the start of the handshaking process. This allows a server to present one of multiple possible certificates on the same IP address and TCP port number and hence allows multiple secure (HTTPS) websites (or any This course is designed to provide a very thorough understanding of Transport Layer Security and Secure Sockets Layer (TLS and SSL) – the protocols which are used to secure the vast majority of the Internet. The protocol is widely used in applications such as email, instant messaging, and voice over IP, but its use in securing HTTPS remains the most publicly visible. 1 while the server supports TLS 1. Server Name Indication (SNI) is an extension to the Transport Layer Security (TLS) computer networking protocol by which a client indicates which hostname it is attempting to connect to at the start of the handshaking process. The SNI extension specifies that SNI information is a DNS domain (and not an IP address): "HostName" contains the fully qualified DNS hostname of the server, as understood by the client. However, in TLS 1. SNI is an extension of the TLS handshake where the client hello uses the SNI field to specify the hostname to which it wants to connect. Authentication: SSL certificates verify that a client is talking to the correct server that actually owns the Jan 14, 2019 · This question is the equivalent of this Go question in which it was trivial (albeit rather hacky) to obtain the desired behavior: I am looking for a way to modify the TLS SNI information that ultim Jul 4, 2023 · Additionally, Cilium 1. Server Name Indication (SNI) allows the server to safely host multiple TLS Certificates for multiple sites, all under a single IP address. Encrypted SNI is an extension to TLS 1. … Read More »SSL/TLS Deep Dive Jan 15, 2022 · Find all TLS Client Hello packets from a particular IP address and TCP port; Find all TLS Client Hello packets that contain a particular SNI; Find all TLS Client Hello packets with support for TLS v1. Expand Secure Socket Layer->TLSv1. What browsers support SNI? Here is a quick list of the supported browsers: Mozilla Firefox version 2. Oct 10, 2017 · Today we’re launching support for multiple TLS/SSL certificates on Application Load Balancers (ALB) using Server Name Indication (SNI). This topic for the IT professional describes how the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol works and provides links to the IETF RFCs for TLS 1. Then find a "Client Hello" Message. Apr 18, 2019 · The solution was implemented in the form of the Server Name Indication (SNI) extension of the TLS protocol (the part of HTTPS that deals with encryption). For passthrough traffic, configure the TLS mode field to PASSTHROUGH: apiVersion: networking. What is a hostname? Mar 22, 2022 · Domain hiding abuses the encrypted SNI (ESNI) TLS 1. To understand what this definition actually means and how it works, let’s break it down into 3 parts. 3. It allows web servers to host several SSL/TLS certificates on the same IP, an essential benefit for sites that use HTTPS to encrypt their communication with users. 3 requires that clients provide Server Name Identification (SNI). Clients (such as web browsers) get the public key necessary to open a TLS connection from a server's SSL certificate. SNI is short for server name indication. Apart from that, the application must submit the hostname to the SSL/TLS library. , the browser supports TLS 1. Apr 22, 2024 · Server name identification (SNI) describes when a client chooses a domain name (hosted on a shared IP address) it's trying to reach, initiates the SSL/TLS handshake, and then identifies the correct SSL/TLS certificate while accessing that resource. bbc. TLS/SSL can be used to authenticate servers and client computers, and also to encrypt messages between the authenticated parties. 13 introduces support for Server Name Indication (SNI) in Network Policies, further enhancing network security. At the beginning of the TLS handshake, a client or browser can determine the hostname it is attempting to connect to. The successor of the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) uses a so-called TLS handshake . 3; Find all TLS Client Hello packets with support for TLS v1. Nov 23, 2023 · Protocol mismatch: A TLS handshake failure occurs when the client and the server don't mutually support a TLS version, e. crt and tls. Are TLS and SSL Handshakes the Same? While TLS (Transport Layer Security) and SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) share similar concepts, they Server Name Indication (SNI) is an extension to the Transport Layer Security (TLS) computer networking protocol by which a client indicates which hostname it is attempting to connect to at the start of the handshaking process. Server Name Indication or SNI is a technology that allows shared hosting through TLS handshake. Nov 17, 2017 · Server Name Indication is an extension to the SSL/TLS protocol that allows multiple SSL certificates to be hosted on a single IP address. 0 or TLS 1. TLS is a cryptographic protocol that provides end-to-end security of data sent between applications over the Internet. What is Transport Layer Security (TLS)? Transport Layer Security, or TLS, is a widely adopted security protocol designed to facilitate privacy and data security for communications over the Internet. 3 handshake, except the SNI extension has been replaced with ESNI. 3 faster is an update to the way a TLS handshake works: TLS handshakes in TLS 1. It's included in the TLS/SSL handshake process in order to ensure that client devices are able to see the correct SSL certificate for the website they are trying to reach. For example, the domain www. SNI-based SSL refers to SSL/TLS connections that are established when SNI is used to specify the hostname and retrieve the appropriate certificate as part of the SSL/TLS handshake. This in turn allows the server hosting that site to find and present the correct certificate. 1 SNI adds the domain name to the TLS handshake process, so that the TLS process reaches the right domain name and receives the correct SSL certificate, enabling the rest of the TLS handshake to proceed as normal. Drill down to handshake / extension : server_name details and from R-click choose Apply as Filter. Server Name Indication, often abbreviated SNI, is an extension to TLS that allows multiple hostnames to be served over HTTPS from the same IP address. The original tracing was added as BIDTrace and since then many of the functions and macros were renamed to SNITrace* as improvements were made and features added. This course is designed to provide a very thorough understanding of Transport Layer Security and Secure Sockets Layer (TLS and SSL) – the protocols which are used to secure the vast majority of the Internet. TLS Mixed SNI Case In this case, domain characters are sent as uppercase, lowercase and uppercase letters (randomly). Aug 8, 2024 · The terms SSL and TLS are often used interchangeably to mean a secure encrypted connection using a TLS protocol. Encrypted SNI, or ESNI, helps keep user browsing private. 1 Feb 13, 2019 · Thank you @spikecurtis. In order to use ESNI to connect to a website, the client would piggy-back on its standard A/AAAA queries a Server Name Indication (SNI) is an extension to the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol by which a client specifies which hostname (or domain name) it is attempting to connect to at the start of the TLS/SSL handshaking process. While ESNI may be well-intended (add one more layer of privacy to consumer web browsing), it can easily be exploited by bad guys to evade network security defenses when improperly configured or implemented. 2, which came out in 2008, and TLS 1. SNI, or Server Name Indication, is an addition to the TLS encryption protocol that enables a client device to specify the domain name it is trying to reach in the first step of the TLS handshake, preventing common name mismatch errors. Oct 7, 2022 · TLS – Transport Layer Security, the more recent encryption protocol that has replaced SSL; HTTPS – The secure version of HTTP, used to create connections with websites; PKI – Public Key Infrastructure, refers to the entire trust model that facilitates public key encryption; SSL/TLS works in conjunction to enable HTTPS connections. If we cannot use the same port for different modes, could you advise how is reasonable to redirect https requests from clients to different ports based on application or namespace, or some other approaches. Unless you're on windows XP, your browser will do. Although there is an encrypted version of SNI, it doesn’t offer a guarantee of security. 2 and Server Name Indication (SNI). [1] Server Name Indication or SNI is a technology that allows shared hosting through TLS handshake. g. Aug 25, 2021 · If a server is hosting multiple TLS sites on the same IP, your browser will not be able to connect to any of these sites (This is exactly why we have SNI - so that a server can host multiple TLS sites on the same IP). Feb 9, 2022 · Using SQL Server’s SNITrace to Troubleshoot Networking Issues. What is TLS SNI Server Profile on Datapower Gateways? Server Name Indication (SNI) is an extension to the TLS networking protocol that provides a means for a TLS server to support secure connections as multiple websites or other services, with distinct credentials, over a single TCP host and port. How does it work? Prior to SNI the client (i. TLS 1. This article discusses best practices related to secure network protocol best practices and Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI) (PKI) considerations. Yes I am using port 443 for both applications with unique port names. The specification describes a set of ports that should be exposed, the type of protocol to use, SNI configuration for the load balancer, etc. CloudWatch Logs monitors the SNI data and invokes a Lambda function whenever the outbound network traffic passes through Network Firewall. All modern web browsers and servers use TLS for secure communication. Other versions that later came out include: TLS 1. Servers can use server name indication information to decide whether specific SSLSocket or SSLEngine instances should accept a connection. The TLS handshake is similar to a TCP 3-way handshake but while the TCP handshake establishes a TCP connection, the TLS handshake starts after the TCP connection so TLS is in an upper layer if the OSI model. SNI is an extension of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol that enables multiple domain names to be served by a single IP address. Remote endpoints will have to be configured to support this update. The destination server uses this information Sep 7, 2023 · What is SNI? SNI (Server Name Indication) is a process necessary for opening the correct websites safely during browsing. Sep 24, 2018 · If a web server hosts multiple domains, SNI ensures that a request is routed to the correct site so that the right SSL certificate can be returned to be able to encrypt and decrypt any content. Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network. Network analysis tools like Wireshark can capture and analyze traffic, including the TLS handshake packets. The proxy has a list of hostname and their corresponding backend servers. You can now host multiple TLS secured applications, each with its own TLS certificate, behind a single load balancer. ContentsWhat is SSL/TLS?How Does SSL/TLS Work?SSL/TLS Encryption and KeysSecure Web Browsing with HTTPSObtaining an Transport Layer Security (TLS) Networking 101, Chapter 4 Introduction. SNI enables browsers to specify the domain name they want to connect to during the TLS handshake (the initial certificate negotiation with the server). The server then responds with a certificate, which the client trusts for the domain name it What is SNI? SNI (Server Name Indication) is an extension to the TLS protocol, that provides the ability to host multiple HTTPS-enabled sites on a single IP. SSL handshakes. SNI helps you save money as you don’t have to buy multiple IP addresses. TLS vs. 2 , servers send certificates in cleartext, ensuring that there would be limited benefits in hiding the SNI. One of the changes that makes TLS 1. This means that the server might not accept a domain as SNI even if the domain would match the certificate. Aug 31, 2023 · You can view the connection details under the “Security” tab, including the TLS handshake process. com is sent as wWw. It is used in cases where there are multiple virtual servers with different certificates on the same IP address, so that the server can present the correct Although SSL was replaced by an updated protocol called TLS (Transport Layer Security) some time ago, "SSL" is still a commonly used term for this technology. ldidkpg gteej crco rwrty lmqwjlu hukwubbc jcqv kcpvq ounapvs nillyg